Long-term treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats with losartan and electrophysiological remodeling of cardiac myocytes.

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Abstract
Objective: Cardiac hypertrophy due to pressure overload is associated with several cellular electrophysiological alterations such as prolongation of action potential duration (APD), decrease in transient outward current (Ito) and occurrence of the pacemaker current If. These alterations may play a role in sudden arrhythmic death, which is a major risk factor in myocardial hypertrophy and failure. Since angiotensin II is a key signal for myocyte hypertrophy, we tested if an 8-week treatment of old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with the antagonist of type-1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1), losartan (10 mg/kg/day), was able to influence the cellular electrophysiologic remodeling associated with cardiac hypertrophy. Methods: Left ventricular myocytes were isolated from control (CTR) or losartan-treated (LOS) 18-month old SHR. Patch-clamped LVM were superfused with a normal Tyrode's solution (to measure action potential) or appropriately modified Tyrode's solution (to measure Ito and If). Results: Heart weight to body weight ratio (HW/BW) was significantly smaller in LOS (5.69±0.25 mg/g) than in CTR rats (6.67±0.37 mg/g; Pn=92) vs. CTR (422±14 pF, n=96, Pn=28, PIto density in the LOS group (LOS: 15.1±1.4 pA/pF, CTR: 10.0±0.8 pA/pF) (n=27, PIf, elicited by hyperpolarizing steps (range: −60 to −130 mV), was consistently recorded in SHR cells; however, its maximal specific conductance was significantly lower in LOS than in CTR rats (28.6±3.6 vs. 54.2±8.0 pS/pF, n=55, PV1/2) of both Ito and If was unchanged by the treatment. Conclusions: AT1 receptor blockade with losartan prevents the development of myocyte hypertrophy and associated electrophysiological alterations in old SHR.

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