Start of the last interglacial period at 135 ka: Evidence from a high Alpine speleothem

Abstract
A detailed study of growth periods of a flowstone from Span- nagel Cave in the Zillertal Alps (Austria) at ;2500 m above sea level, a site highly sensitive to climate changes, offers unprece- dented new insights into Pleistocene climate change in Central Eu- rope. Flowstone sample SPA 52 has a high U content (to 116 ppm); analyses of this sample reveal that episodes of calcite deposition started at 204 6 3 ka, 135 6 1.2 ka, and 122 ka, suggesting that at these times, the mean air temperature at this high Alpine site was within 1.5 8C of the present-day condition. The beginning of growth at 135 ka corresponds to the ending of the last glaciation and is concordant with a midpoint age for the penultimate degla- ciation at 135 6 2.5 ka, as deduced from the absolutely dated ox-