Drumming Behavior of Eleven Nearctic Stonefly (Plecoptera) Species1

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Abstract
Drumming was recorded for 11 of 13 Nearctic stonefly species, representing 4 families. Both ♂ and ♀ signals were obtained from 5 species, and were either 2-way or 3-way communications. Signals were species-specific; those of males and females varied from 3–39 and 1–14 beats/signal, respectively. Duration of ♂ signals varied from 105–8016 ms; those of females except Perlinella drymo (1 beat), varied from 402–1318 ms. Signals among related taxa showed greatest similarities. Duration of ♂ signals of Perlinella drymo became progressively shorter at each of 4 temperatures from 7–29°C. Females of Perlinella drymo would only repeatedly answer ♂ signals recorded at near their own temperature, and would not repeatedly answer recorded ♂ signals of 8 other species.

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