Metal cluster size distributions during nozzle jet expansion

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Abstract
The non‐steady‐state cluster growth during nozzle jet expansion is solved numerically based on the classical liquid‐drop theory. We showed that for the expansion geometry such as the one used in the ionized cluster beam system for depositing thin metal films [Yamada and Takagi, Thin Solid Films 8 0, 105 (1981)], cluster formation has already started under subsonic condition during the expansion. In our realistic calculation of the silver vapor expansion, cluster size up to more than 100 molecules can be formed.