Different factors influencing the expression of Raynaud's phenomenon in men and women

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Abstract
Objective To determine whether the risk profile for Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is different between men and women. Methods In this cross‐sectional study of 800 women and 725 men participating in the Framingham Offspring Study, the association of age, marital status, smoking, alcohol use, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia with prevalent RP was examined in men and women separately, after adjusting for relevant confounders. Results The prevalence of RP was 9.6% (n = 77) in women and 5.8% (n = 42) in men. In women, marital status and alcohol use were each associated with prevalent RP (for marital status adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.4–3.9; for alcohol use OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0–5.2), whereas these factors were not associated with RP in men (marital status OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.6–3.5; alcohol use OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.2–4.4). In men, older age (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0–5.2) and smoking (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1–6.3) were associated with prevalent RP; these factors were not associated with RP in women (older age OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.4–1.6; smoking OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4–1.1). Diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia were not associated with RP in either sex. Conclusion The results indicate that risk factors for RP differ between men and women. Age and smoking were associated with RP in men only, while the associations of marital status and alcohol use with RP were observed in women only. These findings suggest that different mechanisms influence the expression of RP in men and women.