Ultrasound velocity in muscle

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Abstract
Measurements are reported on the propagation velocity of ultrasound in muscle tissue. This appeared to depend on fiber direction for various muscle types in vitro. Typical results were 1550 m/s perpendicular and 1557 m/s parallel to fiber direction (20.degree. C). A model was drawn up to relate such data to the elastic properties of muscle. The assumptions, linear elastic behavior, homogeneity and anisotropy with cylindrical symmetry, did not harmonize with the experimental results, so a more elaborate model was suggested. Contraction dependence of the ultrasound velocity was investigated on human biceps muscle in vivo and frog gastrocnemius muscle in vitro. The measured velocity increase in biceps muscle during contraction up to 3 m/s was attributed to a varying blood content of the muscle. In in vitro frog muscle, contraction was not accompanied by a change in ultrasound velocity. Increased muscle stiffness may not be appreciably reflected in ultrasound velocity.
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