Coulomb-deflection effect in inner-shell ionization by heavy charged particles

$K$-shell x-ray production cross sections were measured for ${}_{28}{}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}\mathrm{}\left(K\right)\mathrm{}$ in collision with ${}_1{}^1{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}$ ions of kinetic energies 55 to 300 keV, ${}_1{}^2{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}$ ions of 100 to 300 keV, and ${}_2{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$ ions of 200 to 300 keV; for ${}_{46}{}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pd}\mathrm{}\left(K\right)\mathrm{}$ with ${}_1{}^1{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}$ ions of 215 to 300 keV, and for ${}_{47}{}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ag}\mathrm{}\left(K\right)\mathrm{}$ with ${}_1{}^1{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}$ ions of 200 to 300 keV. $L$-shell x-ray cross sections were measured for ${}_{47}{}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ag}\mathrm{}\left(L\right)\mathrm{}$ in collision with ${}_1{}^1{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}$ ions of kinetic energies 35 to 300 keV, with ${}_1{}^2{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}$ ions of 60 to 300 keV, with ${}_2{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$ ions of 110 to 300 keV, and for ${}_{79}{}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Au}\mathrm{}\left(L\right)\mathrm{}$ with ${}_1{}^1{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}$ ions of 140 to 300 keV. The collisions conditions were such that the effect of the projectile energy loss during the ionizing collision became significant for the $K$-shell ionizations, but remained unimportant for the $L$-shell ionizations. The measurements extend the experimental range of the Coulomb-deflection variable $d{q}_{0S}$ over previous measurements for the shells $S=K$ by a factor ∼ 1.2, and for $S=L$ by a factor ∼ 2. This permits a decisive test of current theories for the effect of the deflection of the projectile in the Coulomb field of the target nucleus on inner-shell ionization cross sections.