Patterns of change in the late-Quaternary vegetation of the Western Interior of Canada

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Abstract
Principal components analysis (PCA) of pollen data from 14 sites reveals five types of sequence. All begin from an early spruce-dominated assemblage, now apparently extinct, with subsequent differentiation into patterns of forested and grassland vegetation. A comparison of the PCA ordinations of these subfossil zones with those of modern pollen samples illustrates the uniqueness of the early spruce zone and the similarities between subsequent zones and modern spectra. The technique demonstrates the time transgressive nature of the early spruce forest assemblage in this region.

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