Overexpression of Fyn tyrosine kinase causes abnormal development of primary sensory neurons in Xenopus laevis embryos

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Abstract
The expression and function of the Src family protein tyrosine kinase Fyn in Xenopus laevis embryos have been examined. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated nervous system‐specific expression of Fyn mRNA in tail‐bud embryos. However, a class of primary sensory neurons; that is, Rohon–Beard (RB) neurons, which is positive for immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules (CAM), neural cell adhesion molecule (N‐CAM) and contactin, is devoid of Fyn expression. Injection of Fyn mRNA into one of the blastomeres at the 2‐cell stage led to overexpression of Fyn in the injected half of the tail‐bud embryos. Immunolabeling of the embryos with anti‐HNK‐1 antibody revealed that the peripheral axons of RB neurons were partially misguided and bound to each other to form abnormal subcutaneous fascicles. Similar abnormality was induced by injection of the Fyn overexpression vector. The incidence of abnormality appeared dose‐dependent, being 68–92% of the injected embryos at 50–400 pg of mRNA. Co‐injection of the contactin antisense vector depleted contactin mRNA accumulation without affecting Fyn overexpression and reduced the incidence of the abnormal RB‐cell phenotype. However, the N‐CAM antisense was ineffective in reducing this abnormality. These results suggest that Fyn can modify signals regulating axonal guidance or fasciculation in the developing X. laevis nervous system and that contactin may affect this action of Fyn.