Variation in DNA content of 21 individual chromosomes among six subspecies in common wheat.

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Abstract
To study at the chromosome level the phylogeny of wheat, the DNA content of 21 individual chromosomes was measured cytophotometrically at M1 or A1 of meiosis in monosomic plants and compared among 7 strains belonging to 6 ssp. of common wheat, T. aestivum [ssp. vulgare, ssp. compactum, ssp. sphaerococcum, ssp. spelta, ssp. macha, ssp. vavilovii]. Nuclear DNA content at pollen tetrad did not differ at all among 7 strains. DNA content of individual chromosomes varied from chromosome to chromosome in any strain. Significant differences were found among 3 genomes, A, B and D, the ratio being 1.14:1.21:1.00. This ratio apparently differed from those of 2 earlier reports based on nuclear DNA content of putative diploid ancestors (T. monococcum: Aegilops speltoides: A. squarrosa). The diploid species of section Sitopsis, with a littler higher DNA content than A. speltoides as B genome donor to polyploid wheat is suggested. Differences among the homeologous groups were not significant; but they were in homologous chromosomes. Total DNA contents of 7 strains calculated from DNA content of individual chromosomes were similar, being clearly compatible with the results of nuclear DNA content of the pollen tetrads.

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