Comparative photosynthesis of red alder, Douglas-fir, Sitka spruce, and western hemlock seedlings

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Abstract
More rapid growth by red alder than by coastal conifer species may be explained by alder's greater foliage surface per unit foliage weight, greater total foliage area per seedling, and higher photosynthetic rate at high light intensities. Net photosynthetic rates per unit foliage area were similar for red alder and the three conifers up to saturating light intensity for the conifers. Relative weight of photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic tissue was also similar for the four species. Average maximum photosynthetic rates measured for these conifers are comparable to reported rates for woody broad-leaved species.