THE REFLEX EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON THE CIRCULATION

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Abstract
Like all other irritant drugs, alcohol has a local and a systemic action, that is, an effect at the point of application before absorption and a general effect after it has been taken up into the blood. Whether or not alcohol stimulates the circulation after it has been absorbed is still the subject of controversy. Many clinicians regard alcohol as one of the best circulatory stimulants at their disposal, while not a few practitioners and the large majority of laboratory workers refuse to ascribe to alcohol any direct stimulating action on the circulation, and believe that when it acts at all it acts as a depressant. But little attention has been given to the other phase of the question: the reflex effect of alcohol on the circulation. When moderately strong alcohol is taken into the mouth or swallowed it produces considerable local irritation. It is generally admitted that any peripheral

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