Temporal Change and Habitat Preference of Some Montane Breeding Birds

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Abstract
Avian density averaged 93 pairs/40 ha, representing an average of 22 breeding species and 11 visitor species yearly. Although 50 spp. were seen in the area, only 78% of these were present in any year. Most breeding species showed constant yearly densities, and the 7 dominant species totalled > 50% of the breeding pairs. Relative density of most species changed within the breeding season. Some species increased in numbers while others decreased. High relative densities were strongly related to vegetation type while low densities were not. A temporal spacing of nesting activity by the different species indicated a partitioning of the breeding season. It also reflected subdivision of food resources and feeding manner. Woodpecker numbers may limit the densities of other hole-nesting species. Bird species showed strong vegetational preferences, especially for aspen. Fewest birds were found in Douglas fir and mixed forest. Edge and patchiness did not seem to raise relative densities. Tests indicated aspen itself was responsible for high density. Aspen areas probably support most birds because of high food availability and the prsence of nest-holes.

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