N-terminal α-methylation of RCC1 is necessary for stable chromatin association and normal mitosis

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Abstract
Regulator of chromatin condensation 1 (RCC1) is the only known guanine nucleotide-exchange factor for the Ran GTPase and has pivotal roles in nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, mitosis, and nuclear-envelope assembly1. RCC1 associates dynamically with chromatin through binding to histones H2A and/or H2B in a Ran-regulated manner2,3. Here, we report that, unexpectedly, the amino-terminal serine or proline residue of RCC1 is uniquely methylated on its α-amino group. Methylation requires removal of the initiating methionine, and the presence of proline and lysine at positions 3 and 4, respectively. Methylation-defective mutants of RCC1 bind less effectively than wild-type protein to chromatin during mitosis, which causes spindle-pole defects. We propose a bimodal attachment mechanism for RCC1 in which the tail promotes stable RCC1 association with chromatin through DNA binding in an α-N-methylation-dependent manner. These data provide the first known function for N-terminal protein methylation.