Fatigue crack growth in two-phase alloys

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Abstract
Stress intensity levels at the tip of cracks approaching and growing past second-phase particles have been computed using finite element methods. It is predicted that particles having a lower modulus than the matrix (i.e. ‘soft’ particles) attract and accelerate cracks growing into their vicinity, whereas ‘hard’ particles deflect them and retard local growth. A reverse, but weaker, effect is indicated once the crack has extended past a particle. Using a ferrite matrix with either spheroidized cementite or spheroidal graphite as the second phase, these predictions have been largely verified experimentally. An apparent anomaly is the cross-over in the growth rate curves of the cast iron and the totally ferritic microstructure. However, this may be explained by the requirement for the crack to reinitiate following its interaction with each graphite particle, during which decohesion of the particle/matrix interface occurs. MST/417

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