Nonlinear gyrokinetic equations for tokamak microturbulence

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Abstract
A nonlinear electrostatic gyrokinetic Vlasov equation as well as a Poisson equation have been derived in a form suitable for particle simulation studies of tokamak microturbulence and associated anomalous transport. This work differs from the existing nonlinear gyrokinetic theories in toroidal geometry, since the present equations conserve energy while retaining the crucial linear and nonlinear polarization physics. In the derivation, the action‐variational Lie perturbation method is utilized in order to preserve the Hamiltonian structure of the original Vlasov–Poisson system. Emphasis is placed on the dominant physics of the collective fluctuations in toroidal geometry, rather than on details of particle orbits.