Origins of Intelligence and its Measurement

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Abstract
The climate in psychology at the turn of the present century was right for the development of measures of intelligence. Many researchers were involved in efforts to find effective measures, most of which were based on empirical relationships rather than theories of human abilities. During the first quarter of the century, Terman's Stanford-Binet became the dominant instrument, but the debate over the nature of intelligence was carried out between Charles Spearman and E. L. Thorndike. There are clear antecedents of modern measurement methods and theories in the work of this period.

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