Carnitine deficiency induced during hemodialysis and hyperlipidemia: effect of replacement therapy

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Abstract
Plasma carnitine levels were studied in 14 uremic patients before, during, and after hemodialysis. The predialysis plasma carnitine levels were normal but fell during dialysis (half-life 3.6 h). Plasma carnitine levels rose quickly in the first 6 h after dialysis, after which time the rise was more gradual. Muscle carnitine was significantly reduced in the dialyzed patients (p < 0.005) compared with controls. In four patients lipid droplets were observed in muscle. Ten patients on maintenance hemodialysis exhibited plasma hyperlipidemia and low muscle carnitine. These individuals were given dl–carnitine (50 mg/kg body weight) intravenously after each dialysis. At the end of a 2-month carnitine treatment, plasma triglyceride levels were found to be reduced (p < 0.001) and muscle carnitine content significantly increased (p < 0.005). These findings suggest that carnitine may be useful in treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and muscle carnitine deficiency states induced during maintenance hemodialysis.

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