Detection of the organophosphorus nerve agent soman by an ELISA using monoclonal antibodies

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Abstract
The development of a specific and sensitive immunologic ELISA detection system for methylphosphonoflouridic acid. 1,2,2-trimethylpropylester (soman) by the use of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) is described. The monoclonal antibodies F71D7, F71H10, F71B12 and F71H9 originally produced against the soman derivative methyl phosphonic acid,p-aminophenyl 1,2,2-trimethylpropyldiester (MATP) also reacted with soman in a previously developed, direct competitive ELISA. After optimizing the ELISA system by varying the reaction mixture and the solvents for the organophosphate, 5.0×10−7 mol/l soman (80% purity), e.g. 2.5 ng or 2 ng pure soman per 25 μl test buffer, could be detected after a total test duration of 40 min. A shortening of the incubation time to 10 min resulted in a drop of sensitivity to 1.8×10−6 mol/l soman. Various alcohols which may be used as extraction media for soman from various materials (isopropanol, ethanol and methanol) were shown to inhibit peroxidase activity and thereby reduce the sensitivity of the test. However, the influence of alcohols decreased with the shortening of incubation time. All monoclonal antibodies showed little cross reactivity to sarin and no cross reactivity to tabun and VX. Judging on the reactivity of the MAbs with MATP and soman oxidazed by 1,2-dihydrobenzol, some reactivity with some other (non-toxic) soman analogues containing the same pinacolyl group can be expected. There was no evidence for stereoselectivity of the MAbs tested. Finally, soman could be detected in different biological samples like human serum, goat serum, rabbit serum, chicken serum, milk, and tap water in concentrations between 1.3×10−6 and 2.0×10−6 mol/l.