Forensic Science Applications of Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS): I. Principles, Sampling Methods, and Advantages

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Abstract
Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) is a recently developed technique that offers several significant advantages over conventional methods of sampling solids. Some of these include: (1) minimal sample preparation (no sample preparation in a few cases); (2) a very wide range of sample concentrations which yield useful spectra; and (3) a very high sensitivity (less than 100 ng in some cases). DRIFTS has been applied to the analysis of a number of materials of forensic science interest. Specific applications for a variety of evidence types have been found; this work is therefore presented as a series. This paper presents the principles of the technique and examples of the sampling methods, including a microsampling method for liquids. Some of the unique advantages that DRIFTS offers for forensic science work, including better characterization of many compounds, are illustrated. In addition, an explanation of these DRIFTS features is discussed.