Time-dependent strains in sealed concrete under systems of variable multiaxial stress

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Abstract
Synopsis Sealed concrete cubes were subjected to sustained systems of uni-, bi- and triaxial stress. The uniaxial stress and one of the principal stresses in the bi- and triaxially loaded specimens were set initially at the same nominal value, and later cycled between this and a higher level while the orthogonal stresses remained constant. The strains resulting from the stress cycle were essentially the same for all three stress systems; the strains in a direction orthogonal to the stress change were found to be fully recoverable but those in the direction of the stress included an irrecoverable component. The creep Poisson's ratio was approximately the same for all stress increments. The Poisson's ratio for creep recovery rose with time from the removal of load. It is concluded that, in engineering analysis, the time-dependent strain of concrete under constant multiaxial compressive stress can be found by using a constant value of creep Poisson's ratio, equal to the static elastic value. Under variable stress, Boltzmann superposition (or a similar principle) can be applied to sum the effects of a succession of changes in stress.

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