Vaccination with Attenuated Neisseria meningitidis Strains Protects against Challenge with Live Meningococci

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Abstract
Meningococcal disease is a life-threatening infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis . Currently, there are no vaccines to prevent infection with serogroup B N. meningitidis strains, the leading cause of meningococcal meningitis in Europe and North America. Here we describe the construction and characterization of two attenuated serogroup B N. meningitidis strains, YH102 (MC58Δ sia Δ rfaF ) and YH103 (MC58Δ sia Δ metH ). Both strains are markedly attenuated in their capacity to cause bacteremia in rodent models and have a reduced ability to survive in a human whole-blood assay. Immunization of adult mice with these strains leads to the development of bactericidal antibodies and confers sterilizing protection against challenge with homologous live bacteria. Furthermore, we show that the strains confer protection against infection by other serogroups. Use of the attenuated strains in animals with gene knockouts or after depletion of immunological effectors could be used to define the basis of protection, and human volunteer studies could be undertaken to examine the immune response following exposure to this important human pathogen.