Photosynthetic induction in wheat protoplasts and chloroplasts. Autocatalysis and light activation of enzymes

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Abstract
Unlike wheat chloroplasts, wheat protoplasts showed a pronounced restoration of the induction phase after a short period of darkness. This difference was used to investigate the relative roles of light‐induced reductive activation of enzymes and the auto‐catalytic increase in the level of substrates in the control of the rate of photosynthesis during induction. Light activation and dark inactivation of ribulose 5‐phosphate kinase, fructose 1,6‐biphosphatase and NADP+‐specific glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase were measured. In this respect there was no appreciable difference between protoplasts and chloroplasts. In contrast, the level of photosynthetic intermediates remained constant in darkened isolated chloroplasts, but declined rapidly in chloroplasts isolated from darkened protoplasts. When fructose 1,6‐bisphosphatase was pre‐activated by treating protoplasts with dithiothreitol the lag was only slightly shortened. These results are discussed in terms of control of the rate of the photosynthesis during the lag by substrates rather than limitation imposed by activity of any of the enzymes measured.