Inhibition of hepatocarcinogenic responses to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine by diallyl sulfide, a component of garlic oil

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Abstract
The mechanisms by which diallyl sulfide (DAS), a component of garlic oil, inhibits hepatocarcinogenicity of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) were examined in male Fischer 344 rats. Rats were subjected to partial hepatectomy to stimulate hepatocellular proliferation required for initiation by DMH (50–200 mg/kg i.p.) given 12 h later. Initiation was assessed by the numbers of foci and nodules of hepatocytes that were positive for γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) or glutathione-S-transferase-P (GST-P) after 6 weeks promotion by orotic acid (1% in semi-purified diet). DAS at doses above 50 mg/kg (by gavage) administered 1 h before DMH (50 mg/kg) partially reduced the numbers of γ-GT and GST-P-positive foci. By comparison, all doses of DAS (25–100 mg/kg) completely prevented liver necrosis by DMH (200 mg/kg). DAS substantially reduced macromolecular binding of [14C]DMH in cultured liver cells, but had no effect on their levels of gluta-thione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase or glutathione peroxidase at 18 h. These findings suggest that low dosages of DAS which reduce DMH binding appear more likely to inhibit hepatocarcinogenicity by reducing the promoting influences of post-necrotic regeneration than by preventing initiation.