Electrodeposition of Thin Magnetic Permalloy Films

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Abstract
A citrate‐complexed nickel‐iron electrolyte which has a long useful plating life from the point of view concerning the magnetic properties of the plated films and a better plating efficiency compared to the conventional baths has been used to plate thin magnetic films of 80:20 nickel‐iron from about 150 to about 8000Aå. The magnetic properties, like the coercive force and the anisotropy field , were determined at a known thickness as a function of current density, pH, temperature, and the concentration of citrate ion and the plating conditions optimized. The ferromagnetic domain patterns observed by the Bitter technique as a function of thickness show the same behavior as those observed in evaporated films. Internal stress measurements made as a function of thickness, current density, and temperature show that both the current density and the temperature have significant effect on stress. Photomicrographs of deposits obtained at a wide range of current density show the differences in the structure of the deposits.

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