Observation of singlet-triplet anticrossing in He

Two independent anticrossings have been observed between singlet and triplet levels in the He atom, one between the $7{}_{}{}^1{}_{}{}^{}D$ and $7{}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}D$ states, the other between the $8{}_{}{}^1{}_{}{}^{}D$ and $8{}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}D$ states. The states are excited by electron bombardment. Compensatory changes in the luminosity of the singlet and triplet states are detected as the levels are tuned through the anticrossing points by a magnetic field. The positions of the anticrossings have been analyzed to provide new values for these singlet-triplet separations accurate to ∼0.03 GHz. These results show the previous best optical determinations for the separations to be in error by over a GHz. The widths of the anticrossings are analyzed to provide the most direct measures of the spin-orbit coupling constant between a singlet and a triplet state yet obtained for any system. The measured values of these coupling constants are found to be several times larger than their corresponding diagonal value in the $7{}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}D$ and $8{}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}D$ states.