Thermal Properties of Battery Systems

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Abstract
A compact expression is derived for the change in any extensive thermodynamic state variable which accompanies an electrochemical reaction. The distinction between an electrochemical reaction and the complete thermodynamic change in state is clearly drawn. The cases in which every reactant is in a single, pure phase and that in which some reactants are dissolved in solution are discussed. Detailed calculations of , , the cell potential, and the thermal efficiency of the lead/acid battery are presented as examples. Practical thermal efficiencies of 11 other systems are calculated and compared, where possible, with theoretical thermal efficiencies. Equations for the rate of heat flow from batteries are developed and applied to a typical duty cycle of a lead/acid battery for vehicular propulsion.

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