Structural and charge requirements for antimicrobial and hemolytic activity in the peptide PKLLETFLSKWIG, corresponding to the hydrophobic region of the antimicrobial protein bovine seminalplasmin

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Abstract
Several analogs of the 13-residue antimicrobial and hemolytic peptide PKLLETFLSKWIG (SPF), which is the most hydrophobic region of the 47-residue antimicrobial protein seminalplasmin [Sitaram, N. & Nagaraj, R. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 10438-10442] have been synthesized. The antimicrobial and hemolytic properties of the peptides were investigated with a view to gain a insight into the structural and charge requirements for these activities of SPF. Peptides in which E was replaced by K exhibited considerably improved antimicrobial activity with no concomitant increase in hemolytic activity. A peptide in which the aromatic amino acids were replaced by leucine exhibited antimicrobial activity like those of the peptides which had aromatic amino acids. Interchange in the positions of E and K and total replacement of K by E resulted in complete loss of activity. The peptides having antimicrobial activity like those of the peptides which had aromatic amino acids. Interchange in the positions of E and K and total replacement of K by E resulted in complete loss activity. The peptides having antimicrobial activities showed appreciable helical content in a hydrophobic environment, whereas inactive peptides did not. Thus, by suitable 'engineering' the biological activity of a short 13-residue peptide can be altered by yield peptides specifically having only antimicrobial activity with increased potency.