Evaluation ofEscherichia coli andCandida utilis as a model continuous, competitive mixed culture system

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Abstract
The yeast Candida utilis and the bacterium Escherichia coli B/r were evaluated as a candidate experimental, continous, competitive mixed culture system under ammonia–nitrogen limited conditions at 30°C. High dilution rates favored yeast dominance, while low dilution rates favored bacterial dominance. The hydrogen ion concentration was also demonstrated to be an effective manipulative variable for control of the yeast–bacterial mixed culture. Through trial‐and‐error manipulation of the pH for the mixed culture operating at constant dilution rate, it was possible to locate a metastable equilibrium point and to operate in the vicinity of that point for more than 24h. The reproducible emergence of a variant E. coli was also noted in this study.