Inflammation and atrial fibrillation: cause or effect?

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Abstract
Increasing attention has focused on the potential factors that might be involved in both the triggering and the perpetuation of AF. Inflammation has been postulated as a predisposing factor for AF, as well as its complications, including thromboembolism.2 In the first study to identify a potential link between inflammation and AF, Frustaci et al3 demonstrated evidence of focal myocarditis on left ventricular endocardial biopsies of three out of 14 patients with lone AF. The authors expanded on this initial work 6 years later by performing right atrial biopsies on 12 patients with lone AF, reporting that 67% of these showed evidence of right atrial myocarditis.4

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