Human primordial, primary and secondary ovarian follicles in long-term culture: effect of partial isolation

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Abstract
Ovarian cortical tissue, donated by 20 women aged 25–43 years during gynaecological laparoscopies or laparotomies, was first cultured for 7–9 days as tissue slices, 0.1–0.3 mm in thickness, in extracellular matrix, to initiate the growth of the primordial and primary follicles. It was then divided into two parts, one of which was cultured further as slices, and the other one used for enzymatic (collagenase at 1, 0.5 or 0.25 mg/ml; 17 patients) or mechanical (four patients) partial isolation of the follicles. The tissue slices and the partially isolated follicles were cultured for a further 1–3 weeks in the matrix. After ~2 weeks in culture, some oocytes began to extrude from the follicles, which were usually at the secondary stage. They were small, 20–80 μm in diameter, and had a thin or absent zona. Polar bodies and meiotic chromosomes could be seen in these naked oocytes. This premature extrusion probably resulted from sub-optimal culture conditions. It occurred sooner in follicles that had been partially isolated using collagenase. Histologically, larger numbers of oocytes were observed in non-isolated slice cultures than in the partially isolated cultures. Initiation of growth of the follicles occurred during the first 7–9 days in culture within slices. In non-isolated slices and following mechanical partial isolation there were significantly more secondary follicles after 11–18 days in culture than following isolation with collagenase. The proportion of atretic follicles increased during all cultures, and it was significantly higher after partial isolation. Because partial isolation did not improve the survival or development of the follicles the optimal method for human ovarian follicles could be to culture them non-isolated within small tissue slices.