Dual y-Aminobutyric Acid Control of Prolactin Secretion in the Rat*

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Abstract
Contrasting data have been reported so far on the role played by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the control of PRL secretion in the rat. Based on the findings that systemic administration of muscimol (M), a powerful agonist at GABA receptors, lowered plasma PRL in male rats, studies were undertaken to determine both the mechanism (s) of M-induced inhibition of plasma PRL and the reason (s) for the disparity between data pointing to a stimulatory and those favoring an inhibitory role of GABA on PRL secretion. In freely behaving male rats, administration of either picrotoxin (PICRO; 1 mg/kg, iv) or bicuculline (BIC; 0.4 mg/kg, iv), two GABA antagonist drugs, failed to counteract and instead potentiated the PRL-lowering effect of M (2.0 mg/kg, iv). BIC alone decreased baseline PRL levels. In ovariectomized estrogenprimed rats, PICRO and BIC, at the same doses, elicited a striking decline of the elevated basal PRL levels and were again unable to oppose the effect of M. In contrast to its effect after systemic injection, M (500 ng) injected into the lateral ventricle of freely behaving male rats elicited a clear-cut rise in plasma PRL which was suppressed by BIC. The dual effect of M on PRL secretion according to the route of administration was indicative of an extra-central nervous system site of action of the drug when given systemically. In keeping with this hypothesis, M (2.5 × 10-5 M) inhibited PRL release from rat isolated anterior pituitaries (AP), an effect which was abolished by coincubation with equimolar doses of PICRO; however, M (2 mg/kg, iv) failed to lower plasma PRL levels in hypophysectomized rats bearing an ectopic AP. Also favoring a direct AP site of action for M was the observation that it completely abolished, after systemic administration (2 mg/kg, iv), the striking rise in plasma PRL exerted by a-methylparatyrosine, a drug which acts at the central nervous system level. Collectively, these data would demonstrate the existence of a dual GABAergic control of PRL secretion, one stimulatory, exerted through the central nervous system, and the other inhibitory, occurring at the level of the AP.