Mediation of the Cytotoxicity of Lanostanoids and Steroids of Ganoderma tsugae through Apoptosis and Cell Cycle

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Abstract
A new lanostanoid ester glucoside, 3α-acetoxy-5α-lanosta-8,24-dien-21-oic acid ester β-d-glucoside (1), and a known steroid, 2β,3α,9α-trihydroxy-5α-ergosta-7,22-diene (2), were isolated from the fruit bodies of Ganoderma tsugae and their structures determined by spectroscopic methods. To study the cytotoxicity of 1 and 2, the changes of DNA content in human hepatocytes (Hep 3B) were studied. A sub-G1 cell stage was drastically increased after 24-h incubation with 1 (24 μg/mL). Compound 2 (100 μg/mL) inhibited the cell cycle progression of Hep 3B cells at the G2/M phase with an IC50 value of about 87.1 μg/mL. These results indicate that 1 causes cell death by apoptosis and 2 may possess the activity of cell cycle inhibition.