Photocarcinogenesis

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Abstract
The role of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the induction of human skin cancer is clear and of major importance. In extensive experiments with UVR on animal (mouse) skin, skin cancer has been produced by repeated exposure to wavelengths between 250 and 320 nm, with the 290-320-nm range being most effective. For the appropriate interpretation of experimental results, factors of importance include choice of experimental animal (haired vs. hairless, age, pigmentation, genetic background), spectral composition of the light source, dose rate, and dose delivery. Spectral component additivity and dose-time reciprocity are among the major areas that require further investigation. The interrelationships between radiation, chemicals, and skin pose special problems. Possible light-chemical interactions that may affect photocarcinogenesis include photochemical alteration of the chemical, ability of the chemical to attach to DNA with formation of strong bonds after exposure to UVR, and enhancement of photocarcinogenesis by a process similar to “tumor promotion”. Photocarcinogenesis appears to be one manifestation of a larger photobiological process involving both local and systemic responses to UVR.

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