Function of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in glycogen phosphorylase: a model study using 6-fluoro-5'-deoxypyridoxal- and 5'-deoxypyridoxal-reconstituted enzymes

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Abstract
A new vitamin B6 analogue, 6-fluoro-5''-deoxypyridoxal (6-FDPL), was synthesized and characterized. This analogue, as well as 6-fluoropyridoxal (6-FPAL), 6-fluoropyridoxal phosphate (6-FPLP), and 6-fluoropyridoxine, showed positive heteronuclear 1H-19F nuclear Overhauser effects between the 5''-protons and the 6-fluorine. Apophosphorylase reconstituted with 6-FDPL showed 1% of the activity of the native enzyme in the presence of phosphite. The kinetic pattern, apparent pH optimum of activity, and the activity-temperature dependency of the 6-FDPL-enzyme were virtually identical with those of phosphorylase reconstituted with the parent compound, 6-FPAL [Chang, Y.C., and Graves, D.J. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 2709-2714], except the Km of phosphite toward the 6-FDPL-enzyme was 9 times higher than that with the 6-FPAL-enzyme and the 6-FDPL-enzyme showed a lower Vmax value. Phosphorylase reconstituted with 5''-deoxypyridoxal (DPL) also showed activity in the presence of phosphite. The kinetics and the temperature.sbd.activity dependency of this reconstituted enzyme were investigated. 19F nuclear magnetic resonance studies showed that the binding of glucose 1-phosphate to a 6-FDPL-enzyme-adenosine 5''-phosphate (AMP) complex shifted the 19F signal 0.6 ppm upfield, whereas a 2.1 ppm change was observed when the 6-FPAL-enzyme-AMP formed a complex with glucose 1-phosphate [Chang, Y.C., Scott, R. D., and Graves, D.J. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 1932-1939]. Analysis of the activation parameters, activation enthalpy and activation entropy, of the reaction of glycogen degradation catalyzed by phosphorylase containing pyridoxal phosphate, 6-FDPL, pyridoxal, or DPL showed that modifications of the coenzyme molecule affected only the activation entropy, not the activation enthalpy. Results of this study indicate that the protein structure surrounding the coenzyme molecule, as well as the coenzyme configuration, is altered upon the binding of ligands. The 5''-OH group of the protein-bound coenzyme is a necessary factor for the completion of these conformational changes. A correct transformation of the protein structure, coordinated by the coenzyme molecule, is required for the high efficacy of catalysis.

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