Differences in laboratory values in HIV infection by sex, race, and risk group

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Abstract
To determine differences in CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte values, beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M), and HIV p24 antigenemia by sex and race among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative injecting drug users (IDU), and to compare these values with those in homosexual men of equivalent status. Baseline values from a cohort of 206 HIV-seropositive and 173 HIV-seronegative IDU were compared with values from a cohort of 288 HIV-seropositive homosexual men and 176 HIV-seronegative controls, who were prospectively followed at 6-month intervals, to examine differences in laboratory values in HIV-infected individuals by sex, race, and risk group. Among HIV-seropositives, we compared white and black IDU only (n = 167), and white male IDU (n = 38) with white homosexual men (n = 256). Laboratory values from the cohort of homosexual men at 24, 36 and 48 months of follow-up were compared with IDU values. HIV-infected female IDU had significantly higher CD4+ lymphocyte counts (P < 0.03) and percentages of CD4+ lymphocytes (P < 0.004) than male IDU, resulting in higher CD4:CD8 ratios (P < 0.002). White IDU had significantly higher serum beta 2M levels than black IDU (P < 0.02). Black female IDU were much less likely to be HIV p24-antigenemic (1%) than all other groups (P < 0.005). Compared with homosexual men, male IDU had significantly elevated beta 2M levels (0.58 mg/l higher). When controlled for CD4+ lymphocyte values as a surrogate for length of time HIV-infected, beta 2M and HIV p24 antigenemia differences persisted. These differences should be considered when HIV p24 antigen, CD4+ lymphocyte counts and beta 2M levels are used as surrogate markers in clinical trials and management of HIV disease.

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