Role of non-symmetry-breaking order parameters in determining the martensitic energy barrier: The bcc-to-9Rtransformation

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Abstract
Distortions that do not affect the symmetry of the final product phase obtained in a martensitic transition, so-called non-symmetry-breaking order parameters, but that do affect the energy barrier encountered during homogeneous nucleation, are considered. For the bcc-to-9R transition undergone by Na, first-principles total-energy calculations verify the importance of these distortions in that a 40% reduction is obtained when the non-symmetry-breaking order parameters are allowed to alter the transformation path defined only by the symmetry-breaking order parameters.

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