The partition of Africa

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Abstract
Africa was the last continent to win the interest of the strategists of expansion. Dividing Africa was easy enough for the Europeans. Economic growth and technical innovation gave them invincible assurance and force. Their culture and political organisation gave them a carrying power to match their iron ships and high-velocity guns. In all the long annals of imperialism, the partition of Africa is a remarkable freak. Muslim rebellion drew Ferry into the unplanned occupation of Tunis which was the prelude of the partition; Muslim revolution in Cairo drew Gladstone into his Egyptian bondage and set off the partition proper. In the history of Africa, the long expansion of Islam since the eighth century dwarfs the brief influence of Europe. From this western Sudan between the Senegal and Lake Tchad, between the coastal forests and the Sahara, the puritanic Almoravides had set forth to rule over Spain and the Maghreb.

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