Oral premedication for paediatric ambulatory anaesthesia: a comparison of midazolam and ketamine
- 1 March 1994
- journal article
- clinical trial
- Published by Springer Nature in Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie
- Vol. 41 (3) , 221-226
- https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03009834
Abstract
To compare the clinical characteristics of two oral premedicants, midazolam and ketamine, 40 healthy children, one to six years of age, who were scheduled for ambulatory dental surgery, were assigned to receive either oral midazolam 0.5 mg · kg−1 or oral ketamine 5.0 mg · kg−1 in a double-blind, randomized study. Sedation and anxiolysis scores before induction, cooperation at induction of anaesthesia and recovery times and complications were assessed. We found that both drugs effectively sedated the children within 20 min of administration. Although sedated, 10% of the children in the midazolam group and 20% of those in the ketamine group became tearful on separation from their parents and 20% of those in the midazolam group and 35% of those in the ketamine group became tearful when the facemask was applied. No important side effects were attributable to either premedication. The time until the children were fit for discharge from the hospital after midazolam was approximately 20 min less than after ketamine. In conclusion, midazolam and ketamine offer similar clinical characteristics when used as oral premedications for children undergoing ambulatory surgery, although the time to discharge from hospital may be more rapid after midazolam than after ketamine. Cette étude compare les caractéristiques cliniques de deux prémédications orales, le midazolam et la kétamine. Quarante enfants bien portants, âgés d’un à six ans, programmés pour une chirurgie ambulatoire dentaire, sont assigné au hasard et à double insu pour recevoir per os soit du midazolam 0,5 mg · kg−1, soit de la kétamine 5 mg · kg−1. On enregistre les scores de sédation et d’anxiolyse avant l’induction, l’attitude collaboratrice, la durée de la période de réveil et les complications. Nous avons trouvé que les deux produits produisent une sédation efficace dans les vingt minutes qui suivent leur administration. Bien que, sous sédation, 10% des enfants du groupe midazolam et 20% de ceux du groupe kétamine pleurent lors de la séparation parentale. Vingt pourcent des patients du groupe midazolam et 35% du groupe kétamine pleurent lorsque le masque est appliqué au visage. Aucune des prémédications ne provoque d’effets secondaires importants. Le moment du congé hospitalier est plus court d’environ 20 min après le midazolam. En conclusion, en tant que médications préopératoires, le midazolam et la kétamine présentent des caractéristiques identiques lorsqu’ils sont utilisés en chirurgie pédiatrique ambulatoire mais le patient qui a reçu le midazolam reçoit son congé de l’hôpital plus rapidement que celui qui a reçu de la kétamine.Keywords
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