Elevation of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in borderline hypertension is linked to concomitant metabolic disturbances

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Abstract
In the present study we investigated plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in borderline hypertensive (BHT) men [diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 85-94 mmHg, n = 75] and age-matched normotensive (NT) control subjects (DBP < or = 80 mmHg, n = 75), in relation to smoking, body mass index (BMI) and fasting lipoprotein and insulin levels. PAI-1 levels were elevated in the BHT group [16.3 vs. 13.7 arbitrary units (AU), P = 0.032], whereas levels of fibrinogen and vWF were similar in the two groups. The PAI-1 elevation was even more pronounced in dyslipidaemic BHT subjects than in normolipidaemic NT subjects (20.0 vs. 10.3 arbitrary units (AU), P = 0.001). PAI-1 levels showed strong correlations with insulin, lipoproteins and BMI (P < 0.01-0.001), but not with DBP. The results show that disturbances in the fibrinolytic system appear even in borderline hypertension. The elevation of PAI-1 levels seems to be more strongly linked to concomitant metabolic disturbances than to blood pressure levels.