RNA-binding IMPs promote cell adhesion and invadopodia formation

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Abstract
Oncofetal RNA‐binding IMPs have been implicated in mRNA localization, nuclear export, turnover and translational control. To depict the cellular actions of IMPs, we performed a loss‐of‐function analysis, which showed that IMPs are necessary for proper cell adhesion, cytoplasmic spreading and invadopodia formation. Loss of IMPs was associated with a coordinate downregulation of mRNAs encoding extracellular matrix and adhesion proteins. The transcripts were present in IMP RNP granules, implying that IMPs were directly involved in the post‐transcriptional control of the transcripts. In particular, we show that a 5.0 kb CD44 mRNA contained multiple IMP‐binding sites in its 3′UTR, and following IMP depletion this species became unstable. Direct knockdown of the CD44 transcript mimicked the effect of IMPs on invadopodia, and we infer that CD44 mRNA stabilization may be involved in IMP‐mediated invadopodia formation. Taken together, our results indicate that RNA‐binding proteins exert profound effects on cellular adhesion and invasion during development and cancer formation.