Abstract
Last August, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Department of Justice liberalized their joint antitrust guidelines on health care.1 The agencies agreed to review proposals for physician-operated networks case by case on the basis of their actual likely effects on competition rather than rigid formulas. Doctors' groups hope this relaxation of the guidelines will allow networks run by physicians to compete more effectively with corporate health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and insurance companies. Such networks could contract directly with employers or health plans, bypassing the clinical intrusions and financial costs imposed by commercial middlemen.The new policy reflects a recent . . .

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