Nutritional Status of Industrial Workers. II. Effects of Education, Age, Income, and Ethnic Groups

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Abstract
Independent effects of education, age, and income on the nutritional status of male industrial workers were studied by comparing samples which were as comparable as possible with reference to other variables likely to influence nutritional status. Comparisons were made of dietary intakes, blood levels (vitamin A, carotene, ascorbic acid and hemoglobin), physical signs frequently associated with malnutrition, and arbitrary ratings based on a combination of these 3 kinds of data for each subject. Measurement of dietary intakes of Ca and P, and of serum ascorbic acid, with increase in years of schooling, showed slightly improved nutritional status. Age appeared to have little effect, except for a slight decrease in thiamine intakes and an increase in gingivitis with increasing years. Low family incomes were associated with low Ca intakes and poor ascorbic acid nutriture. Sub-optimal nutrition and obesity were widely distributed throughout all education, age, income and ethnic groups. Hence nutrition programs should be directed toward all workers, rather than toward certain education, age, income, or ethnic groups.

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