Ciprofloxacin for Selective Decontamination of the Alimentary Tract in Patients with Acute Leukemia During Remission Induction Treatment: The Effect on Fecal Flora

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Abstract
Ciprofloxacin, a new quinolone derivative, was given prophylactically (500 mg twice a day) to 15 patients with acute leukemia during remission induction treatment for a mean duration of 42 days. The effect on the microbial flora of the alimentary tract was evaluated. A rapid elimination of Enterobacteriaceae within three to five days was observed, Bacteroides and Clostridium species were not affected, but the number of anerobic non-sporeforming gram-positive bacilli and anaerobic cocci was decreased. Nine ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative rods (Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species) were isolated but without colonization or subsequent infection. Four of the five bacteriologically documented infections in these patients were caused by gram-positive cocci. Ciprofloxacin was well tolerated, and no side effects were noticed.