Early Microspore Divisions and Subsequent Formation of Microspore Calluses at High Frequency in Anthers ofHordeum vulgareL.

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Abstract
The products of first microspore mitosis were studied in anthers of Hordeum vulgare. These anthers were obtained either directly from plants at the binucleate stage or from tillers which had been estimated visually as containing pollen at the mid-uninucleate stage and then pretreated by being clipped off at ground level and allowed to stand in water for 2 d. In microspores from the latter plants ten-fold increases in the failure of nuclear differentiation, alteration of the axis of division, or both were observed. High frequencies of further microspore response in individual anthers were subsequently induced through culture of the spikes from the pretreated tillers in agitated liquid medium. A five to ten-fold increase in the percentage of anthers producing macroscopic callus was observed in these spikes when compared with the controls. It is suggested that nucleo-cytoplasmic disturbances in the microspores, brought about through the pretreatment period, stimulated the further divisions which eventually resulted in microspore callus formation.

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