Laparoscopic robotic‐assisted management of pelvi‐ureteric junction obstruction in patients with horseshoe kidneys: technique and 1‐year follow‐up

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Abstract
To report our experience with laparoscopic robotic-assisted management of pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) in patients with horseshoe kidneys. Between January 2002 and May 2003, two men and a woman with horseshoe kidneys (mean age 44.6 years) had laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty with robotic assistance for PUJO with no division of the isthmus. Two patients had renal stones which were extracted during surgery. None of the patients had had previous abdominal surgery. The mean operative duration was 148.3 min, the mean estimated blood loss was <100 mL and the mean hospital stay was 7.6 days. Renal function was preserved in all three patients during the immediate and long-term follow-up as measured by intravenous urography. The three patients had durable clinical and radiographic success during a mean follow-up of 21 months. One patient needed complementary extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, and one had an episode of pyelonephritis, which was treated successfully. There were no other significant complications before or after surgery. Laparoscopic robotic-assisted pyeloplasty for horseshoe kidney is safe and feasible, offering the advantages of minimally invasive surgical procedures with enhanced laparoscopic skills related to the use of the robot.