Charge states rather than propensity for β‐structure determine enhanced fibrillogenesis in wild‐type Alzheimer's β‐amyloid peptide compared to E22Q Dutch mutant

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Abstract
The activity of the Alzheimer's amyloid beta-peptide is a sensitive function of the peptide's sequence. Increased fibril elongation rate of the E22Q Dutch mutant of the Alzheimer's amyloid beta-peptide relative to that of the wild-type peptide has been observed. The increased activity has been attributed to a larger propensity for the formation of beta structure in the monomeric E22Q mutant peptide in solution relative to the WT peptide. That hypothesis is tested using four nanosecond timescale simulations of the WT and Dutch mutant forms of the Abeta(10-35)-peptide in aqueous solution. The simulation results indicate that the propensity for formation of beta-structure is no greater in the E22Q mutant peptide than in the WT peptide. A significant measure of "flickering" of helical structure in the central hydrophobic cluster region of both the WT and mutant peptides is observed. The simulation results argue against the hypothesis that the Dutch mutation leads to a higher probability of formation of beta-structure in the monomeric peptide in aqueous solution. We propose that the greater stability of the solvated WT peptide relative to the E22Q mutant peptide leads to decreased fibril elongation rate in the former. Stability difference is due to the differing charge state of the two peptides. The other proposal leads to the prediction that the fibril elongation rates for the WT and the mutant E22Q should be similar under acid conditions.