Coyote group size relative to predation on mule deer

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Abstract
Group size of coyotes (Canis latrans) and predation on mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) were studied in East Mesa, Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, San Diego County, California, USA, from June 1977-January 1979. The mean size of 216 coyote groups was 1.33 (SD = 0.71); seasonal differences in mean group size were not significant (P > 0.10). The percent of coyotes in groups 3-5, however, was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in June-November (8.3%) than during the remainder of the year (0.0%). Precent of deer remains in coyote feces did not vary seasonally, but was significantly (P < 0.01) higher during and immediately following the fawning period (late June-early July) than in subsequent months. Larger groups of coyotes were more likely to approach and attempt to kill mule deer, and engage in hunting behavior that appeared cooperative.
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