Magnetic and Mössbauer spectroscopic characterization of coal

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Abstract
We sketch a role that solid state science, especially magnetic and Mössbauer spectroscopic characterization, can play in understanding coal, with its impurities. The Mössbauer characterization has potential impact on essentially all precombustion coal clean‐up procedures. We review concurrent Mössbauer studies on coal in order to demonstrate that this technique has much to offer as an improved analytical method for determining forms of sulfur in coal. Our magnetization analysis throws light on the magnetic properties of coal impurities, ash and pyrite, which facilitate magnetic separation clean‐up. It is demonstrated that simple crushing of coal can be responsible for transformations which aid in the separation. The two methods of analysis are shown to be useful for understanding coal liquefaction residues from the point of view of their removal magnetically.