Recovery of cyclic nucleotide regulation in protein‐kinase‐defective adrenal cells through somatic cell fusion

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Abstract
A mutant cell line (designated Kin‐8), isolated from the Y1 mouse adrenocortical tumor cell line on the basis of its resistance to growth‐inhibition by 8‐bromoadenosine 3′, 5′‐monophosphate (8BrcAMP), was resistant to the steroidogenic effects of the cyclic nucleotide analog and did not round up in the presence of 8BrcAMP as did responsive Y1 adrenal cells. In Kin‐8 cells, the mutation to cyclic nucleotide resistance was associated with a defective type 1 cAMP‐dependent protein kinase activity, suggesting an obligatory role for the enzyme in the regulation of these adrenal functions. In this study, the Kin‐8 mutant was fused with a rat glioma cell line (C6) in order to analyze the genetic behavior of the protein kinase mutation in somatic cell hybrids. The growth of C6 glial cells was inhibited by 8BrcAMP and its cAMP‐dependent protein kinase responded normally to cAMP. In addition, C6 cells had no capacity for steroidogenesis nor did they round up when treated with 8BrcAMP. In Kin‐8 × C6 hybrids, the protein kinase mutation seemed to behave recessively. The growth of hybrid cells was inhibited by 8BrcAMP and the protein kinase responded to cAMP over a normal range. Kin‐8 × C6 hybrids, when treated with 8BrcAMP, exhibited steroidogenic activities which were greater than the activity measured in either fusion partner and which had lower ED50 values for 8BrcAMP. In addition, Kin‐8 × C6 hybrids rounded up in the presence of 8BrcAMP, a morphologic change unlike that seen with either fusion partner. The effect of 8BrcAMP on the steroidogenic activity and morphology of Kin‐8 × C6 hybrids was reminiscent of the effects of the cyclic nucleotide on cAMP‐responsive, parental Y1 adrenal cells. These results suggest that cell fusion provided a normal cAMP‐dependent protein kinase for Kin‐8 cells and led to the recovery of a cAMP‐responsive adrenal phenotype. These results provide additional evidence in support of an obligatory role for cAMP‐dependent protein kinase in the regulation of adrenal steroridogenesis, cell division, and cell shape.